On spraying Lithovit onto the leaves, a considerable part of it remains as thin layer on the leaves surface. Is that disadvantageous?
No. Quite the contrary. This layer is acting as a long term depot supplying the plant over long period with CO2 right at the leaf surface which diffuses instantaneously through the stomata into the intercellular compartment to enhance the photosynthesis.
There are two mechanisms responsible for CO2 release from Lithovit:
First mechanism: The Lithovit particles that penetrate into the intercellular compartment dock with their negative charged surface on the cell membrane establishing a negative potential outside the cell. The positive charged hydrogen ions formed inside the cell due to water splitting as the first step of the photosynthesis are attracted by means of the negative potential through the membrane to outside where they dock on the negative charged carbonate groups of the Lithovit forming carbonic acid which decomposes to CO2 and water.
Second mechanism: The carbonate of the Lithovit remaining on the leaves surface takes at night CO2 from atmosphere and from plant breathing as well as water from dew and from plant breathing and is transformed in a thermodynamic equilibrium reaction into hydrogen carbonate. During the day water evaporates due to temperature increase and is so taken away from the equilibrium which is then shifted back forming carbonate and CO2 right at the leaf surface, that diffuses instantaneously into the intercellular compartment. This Ping Pong effect acts so long Lithovit is existing on the leaf surface.
How long is the Expiration of Lithovit?
From the chemical point of view, Lithovit (Ca, Mg) CO3 is stable so long it doesn't get in contact with acids or acid humidity. Otherwise, the carbonate dissolves already releasing the CO2 before use and no fertilizing effect is obtained. Also contact with alkaline or alkaline humidity should be avoided. Otherwise the Mg is precipitated as Mg (OH)2.
Heavy and repeated rains lead to wash offs of the grey Lithovit layer on the leaves surface. Is it necessary to repeat spraying?
Once the Lithovit has dried completely on the leaves it usually stays there even after heavy rains. If in very rare cases wash offs are observed, a further Lithovit application is recommend, since such grey layer is acting as a long term depot supplying CO2 to the plants as long as it exists on the leaves.
Can Lithovit be overdosed? Which harm may occur in case?
Lithovit CO2 foliar fertilizer / tribodynamic activated soil fertilizer are high effective. As in case of all other effective substances, overdosing may be harmful to foliage. For instance partial necrosis and disturbance of growth of perennial plants in following years can occur. Independent of that, overdosing can lead to decreased crop yield, especially if the recommended number of applications is substantially exceeded. Less negative action occurs the applied amount per hectare is distinctly increased. Therefore, all recommended applications are so selected that no harm can happen to yield and quality of the crop due to small deviation usually arising during the application procedure. Basically one has to follow the application recommendations given for instance on the label in order to get optimum success.
It is observed that perennial plants treated with Lithovit during the first growth period show much better growth in the following periods even without Lithovit treatment. Why?
Woody plants that have been treated with Lithovit display enhanced growth in subsequent years as well, without further treatment. Our research has not yet revealed the precise reasons for this effect. We assume, however, that in addition to the fact that the use of Lithovit improves the plant’s constitution overall, this “delayed effect” is a result of modified enzyme activity and of epigenetic changes.
As these ongoing effects, although quite apparent, do not equal the full positive effects that are brought about by the regular application of Lithovit at the due time, we recommend repeated use of Lithovit in accordance with the recommendations for application. In this way, the positive effects of Lithovit can be exploited to the full.
Aluminium is contained in Lithovit foliar and Lithovit soil fertilizer to 0.58%. Could it act toxic to plants?
Definitely no. The Al-toxicity takes place at the root region, where the positive charged Al- ions doc on certain places in the apoplasma of roots tissue and inhibit the calcium transport due to their own complexing being the same ligands normally needed for complexing the calcium. Positive charged Al-ions, however, exist only in acid milieu and so only in acid soil. Lithovit is used as aqueous suspension for foliar fertilizing or as granulate for soil fertilization. The pH value of the aqueous suspension is around 9.8, where sure no positive charged Al- ions esxist. In case of soil fertilizing with Lithióvit, it acts due to its high carbonate concentration in the same way as that of lime addition counteracting the soil acidity, increasing the pH, so that Aluminium again doesn't exist as positive charged ions
What are the benefits of Lithovit compared to other fertilizers?
Lithovit is natural mineral that doesn't give any chemical residues harmful to environment.
Should the addition of surfactants to the Lithovit suspension improve its effect?
Surfactants help the aqueous Lithovit suspension to flow smoothly over the whole leaf surface and to cover it totally. So of course the interaction with the intercellular compartments of the whole leaf takes place instead of the small parts where Lithovit spots are formed on not adding surfactants. Higher Lithovit efficiency is obtained. Also Lithovit suspension with less concentration (30%) can be used.
No. Quite the contrary. This layer is acting as a long term depot supplying the plant over long period with CO2 right at the leaf surface which diffuses instantaneously through the stomata into the intercellular compartment to enhance the photosynthesis.
There are two mechanisms responsible for CO2 release from Lithovit:
First mechanism: The Lithovit particles that penetrate into the intercellular compartment dock with their negative charged surface on the cell membrane establishing a negative potential outside the cell. The positive charged hydrogen ions formed inside the cell due to water splitting as the first step of the photosynthesis are attracted by means of the negative potential through the membrane to outside where they dock on the negative charged carbonate groups of the Lithovit forming carbonic acid which decomposes to CO2 and water.
Second mechanism: The carbonate of the Lithovit remaining on the leaves surface takes at night CO2 from atmosphere and from plant breathing as well as water from dew and from plant breathing and is transformed in a thermodynamic equilibrium reaction into hydrogen carbonate. During the day water evaporates due to temperature increase and is so taken away from the equilibrium which is then shifted back forming carbonate and CO2 right at the leaf surface, that diffuses instantaneously into the intercellular compartment. This Ping Pong effect acts so long Lithovit is existing on the leaf surface.
How long is the Expiration of Lithovit?
From the chemical point of view, Lithovit (Ca, Mg) CO3 is stable so long it doesn't get in contact with acids or acid humidity. Otherwise, the carbonate dissolves already releasing the CO2 before use and no fertilizing effect is obtained. Also contact with alkaline or alkaline humidity should be avoided. Otherwise the Mg is precipitated as Mg (OH)2.
Heavy and repeated rains lead to wash offs of the grey Lithovit layer on the leaves surface. Is it necessary to repeat spraying?
Once the Lithovit has dried completely on the leaves it usually stays there even after heavy rains. If in very rare cases wash offs are observed, a further Lithovit application is recommend, since such grey layer is acting as a long term depot supplying CO2 to the plants as long as it exists on the leaves.
Can Lithovit be overdosed? Which harm may occur in case?
Lithovit CO2 foliar fertilizer / tribodynamic activated soil fertilizer are high effective. As in case of all other effective substances, overdosing may be harmful to foliage. For instance partial necrosis and disturbance of growth of perennial plants in following years can occur. Independent of that, overdosing can lead to decreased crop yield, especially if the recommended number of applications is substantially exceeded. Less negative action occurs the applied amount per hectare is distinctly increased. Therefore, all recommended applications are so selected that no harm can happen to yield and quality of the crop due to small deviation usually arising during the application procedure. Basically one has to follow the application recommendations given for instance on the label in order to get optimum success.
It is observed that perennial plants treated with Lithovit during the first growth period show much better growth in the following periods even without Lithovit treatment. Why?
Woody plants that have been treated with Lithovit display enhanced growth in subsequent years as well, without further treatment. Our research has not yet revealed the precise reasons for this effect. We assume, however, that in addition to the fact that the use of Lithovit improves the plant’s constitution overall, this “delayed effect” is a result of modified enzyme activity and of epigenetic changes.
As these ongoing effects, although quite apparent, do not equal the full positive effects that are brought about by the regular application of Lithovit at the due time, we recommend repeated use of Lithovit in accordance with the recommendations for application. In this way, the positive effects of Lithovit can be exploited to the full.
Aluminium is contained in Lithovit foliar and Lithovit soil fertilizer to 0.58%. Could it act toxic to plants?
Definitely no. The Al-toxicity takes place at the root region, where the positive charged Al- ions doc on certain places in the apoplasma of roots tissue and inhibit the calcium transport due to their own complexing being the same ligands normally needed for complexing the calcium. Positive charged Al-ions, however, exist only in acid milieu and so only in acid soil. Lithovit is used as aqueous suspension for foliar fertilizing or as granulate for soil fertilization. The pH value of the aqueous suspension is around 9.8, where sure no positive charged Al- ions esxist. In case of soil fertilizing with Lithióvit, it acts due to its high carbonate concentration in the same way as that of lime addition counteracting the soil acidity, increasing the pH, so that Aluminium again doesn't exist as positive charged ions
What are the benefits of Lithovit compared to other fertilizers?
Lithovit is natural mineral that doesn't give any chemical residues harmful to environment.
- It is therefore recommended for organic farming.
- It enhances green coloration and photosynthesis of plants.
- It helps plants to overcome stress situations such as water shortage (drought) and frost.
- It makes plant more resistant against plant pests such as fungi.
- It acts as post harvest conservator of vegetables and fruits.
Should the addition of surfactants to the Lithovit suspension improve its effect?
Surfactants help the aqueous Lithovit suspension to flow smoothly over the whole leaf surface and to cover it totally. So of course the interaction with the intercellular compartments of the whole leaf takes place instead of the small parts where Lithovit spots are formed on not adding surfactants. Higher Lithovit efficiency is obtained. Also Lithovit suspension with less concentration (30%) can be used.